NCAA/SUP Umpire Institute The NCAA/SUP Umpire Institute was held in early September. The "at bat" will be considered legal once a pitch is thrown to the next batter. July 25, 2019 11:34am. With the 2023 Easton Ghost Unlimited two things are for sure: you will be able to hit some amazing power shots, and the sound of them will be nothing short of spectacular. 22 LSU, No. Here is the link to more information about this camp. The two main parts of any softball bat are the handle and the barrel. For those of you registered in the NCAA Central Hub, you have seen their announcement. College softball umpires train year-round by studying the rule book, the CCA Manual, accessing the Locker Room, and taking the monthly tests. call: (800) 929-0959 email: batsales@sbcglobal.net 2022 lxt (-10) fastpitch bat. 2023 PIAA BAT LIST LINK. Thanks, Jim, for your hard work and input. The weight is distributed more towards the end of the bat, making it a bit heavier to swing. Designed using Neux. The Dashboard page has the, Dates, locations and times for the annual CCSUA Assignors and Training Meeting are posted on the Locker Room in the Calendar section both North and South. 2023 Playoffs April 29-May 5--Area Tournaments April 25--Area Brackets Due 10 a.m. to AHSAA Office May 9-12--Regionals (Gulf Shores, Montgomery, Albertville, Florence) There was no automatic suspension for this behavioral ejection, but he got worse than a suspension: The ejected coach had flown his mother out to the tournament, From our Chairperson Rich Kollen What a crazy and sad time in our country, with the virus and civil unrest we are experiencing. Mizuno was founded in 1906 in Japan and has been making products for all kinds of sports. RIP-IT released the Prototype II (PROB2), which was approved by the NCAA, and RIP-IT was able to get the original Prototype re-listed. New bat list posted September 19, 2018. In softball today, the pitchers are getting bigger, stronger, and faster, the players have to either get faster or make their swing shorter. Depending on the way they are constructed fastpitch bats can be one-piece or two-piece. According to current regulations bats may not exceed a BPF of 1.20. Even when somethings is not there. If you need help or a question or two is stumping you, contact a veteran umpire. It is posted in the Training Courses tab; select the link 2019 Qualification Test January 2019. The deadline for the test is February 10, 2019 at 5 pm PST. We have come up with a guide that will help you make the best choice. We can help you develop superior eye-mind-body reactions so that your, NCAA Recent important announcement from NCAA a new bat list has been issued, dated January 14, 2020. Season of 2021: Cal Ripken - Any player born prior to May 1, 2017 and on or after May 1, 2008 will be eligible for Cal Ripken Baseball League competition. A post to the Locker Room, Excerpts from his March 17, 2020 statement I write to you today to lift your spirits, and mine too. If you discover the bat after the bat has been used, you should only remove it from the game (1-3-4). Winter & Summer 2023 Tournaments. The Gaped Wall that was made popular by Prism+ is upgraded on the new Whisper and features an even larger gap that promises to improve the barrels overall performance. We are working on a date for our NorCal umpires. Our SUP Regional Adviser, Jim Sanderson, attended as part of the instructional staff. Two-piece bats are fitting for the contact hitters. The top heavy bats require refined hitting skills because if you hit the ball just right, it goes a long way, if you dont hit it perfect, you foul it off or pop it up. Wooden bats are mostly abandoned in competitive fastpitch softball. Softball Canada recognizes bats certified by both USA Softball and the WBSC for use in Fast Pitch competitions and USA Softball, the WBSC and USSSA for Slo-Pitch play. The new Anomaly connection presents the most advanced DeMarini connection piece that does an amazing job of transferring energy smoothly. They are also the most expensive version of softball bats, so they are used mainly by players on a higher level. Umpires who will be in their second year in, NCAA Softball 2017 Rules Survey: There are some very interesting questions in this years NCAA Softball Rules Survey. The situation occurs often in a game. It will no longer be available after October 31, 2019. Verbal communication must be supported, Detailed information on the 2018-2019 major rule changes can be found on our Locker Room. Read the short article in the CCSUA Locker Room on the Strike Zone, in the Rules Corner/Batting/The Pitch. So, if you belong to multiple Arbiter Sports Groups, you need to go into each one and fix the ALERT SETTINGS. That idea is to mix the two highly popular Louisville Slugger bats the Xeno and the LXT into one bat, creating the RXT. Worth fastpitch bats are legendary in the history of softball used in Womens College World Series. Congratulations, We will post information on college umpire camps as we receive them 2020 Next Level Collegiate Umpire Camp Here is the link to more information about this camp. We are also expected, As a member of CCSUA, and therefore a member of NASO, you should be receiving daily emails from Referee.com with a Softball Caseplay of the Day. This bat reduces the vibrations so well that makes the performance and overall feel amazing. There are bats that have dual stamp and those are allowed in leagues of both associations. Sometimes two bats with the same actual weight might feel different when they are swung. You can access this new bat list by going to the Locker Room (select the Links button on the Dashboard page) or by using, CCSUA Meeting On Sunday, January 16, 2022, CCSUA conducted its annual CCSUA Assigners and Training Staff meeting. They have a very minimal amount of flex at contact, so little energy is lost on impact which results in more power. If it is NCAA approved, you're fine! Regardless of any schools information, the CCSUA assigners have stated that masks are mandatory for umpires. Not a member yet?Membership Expired?Forgot your password? Courtesy of Dee Abrahamson,Equipment Consultant, NCAA Softball Rules Committee, Your email address will not be published. It is important to choose a bat that will help you get the most out of your game. Louisville Slugger bats are made by Hillerich & Bradsby Company with a great tradition of over 120 years. Qualification test information The CCSUA Qualification test has been posted. Any bat that has a new USSSA certification stamp and is not on the. As per the NCAA Rules of Softball, bats shall bear the permanent ASA 2000 certification seal or be listed on the approved bat list of the ASA web site, www.softball.org (select site map; select certified equipment), indicating compliance with the bat performance standard per the appropriate ASTM testing protocol. Model numbers on the bat must exactly match the approved model numbers on this list; color descriptions are for user convenience only. Teams: 24 The test is 50 questions, all True/False. A strong and healthy body leads to a strong and healthy immune system. Congratulations to the CCSUA members who have worked, or will be working, the Community College playoffs, the NAIA playoffs, and the NCAA Regionals, Super Regionals, and Womens College World Series. Do not contact the hotels directly. The bats' performance will consistently and . Worth 2 Legit is the latest fastpitch softball bat manufactured by this company. New requirements announced in 2011 introduced a new regulation parameter called BPF bat performance factor. From the, From our CCSUA Assignors For the upcoming 2021/22 fall & spring softball seasons, we may see many conferences adopting the policy that only vaccinated officials can be on the roster for the upcoming season(s). **All Xeno, LXT, PXT & RXT Models -1400psi minimum; *****PWR CRBN (340471, 340472, 340498, 340527, 340528, 340529, 350551, 340552 & 340553) -1400psi minimum, ******Hype FP (22FPH24A2)-1350psi minimum, ****Mantra (FP1M9 AND FP1M10) -1100psi minimum. Now is also the time to register for CCSUA for the 2017-2018 time period. Explanation on the monthly tests Due to unforeseen circumstances, we, Our monthly Notes from the Training Staff will be a bit longer, as we are now using this News & Notes section of the Locker Room to replace the monthly Newsletter. It shares the same name as its hugely successful baseball counterpart. 151 South Bethel Street Thomaston, Georgia 30286 706-647-7473 Fax: 706-647-2638 ghsa@ghsa.net Footer Menu - New Click Here for the host hotels for Midwest NAFA Nationals, This website is powered by SportsEngine's. You can access this new bat list by going to the Locker Room (select the Links button on the Dashboard page) or by using. The worlds leading brands produce new bats or improve their old models using the latest technology. When choosing the softball bat that is right for you, you need to know how to measure it properly. Records reflect games played through June 9, 2022. January 23, 2023 Softball. This bat belongs up there with the best of them, as it performs great and as we said, offers great pop, feel and also, sound. However, the inside changes, regarding the performance are much more important than the aesthetic ones. Our top pick for the best softball bat in the previous season just got an upgrade. Make sure all games are played with this new bat list. The Rules Update presentation is posted separately in this CCSUA Training Information section. By increasing their bat speed, players will improve their mechanics, hand-eye coordination and will be able to hit for greater distances. 25 Nebraska, Seven undefeated teams on day one of 2023 NFCA Junior College Leadoff Classic, Weather alters Friday schedule for NFCA Junior College Leadoff, National champions top field for 2023 NFCA Junior College Leadoff, Wengryn, Franco capture 2023 Louisville Slugger/Wilson DII weekly honors, Three programs enter rankings in 2023 NFCA DII Top 25 Coaches Poll. 2000-2023 Pro Athlete, Inc. 10800 North Pomona Ave, Kansas City, MO 64153. There are several big brands you need to take into consideration when choosing a fastpitch bat for the season. The institute will be conducted at the USA Hall of Fame Stadium and home of the NCAA Womens College World Series. They are to provide umpires with a current bat list; highlight and indicate the number of each model of bats their team will be using during each game. The Continuous Fiber Composite Barrel and the Gapped Wall Technology that made the 2021 DeMarini Prism+ a phenomenal bat are present in the new Prism+, and the integration of the Type V Connection makes the performance even better. Place the knob at the center of your chest and extend the barrel out toward your fingertips. But if a young player is strong and athletic enough to control the speed, then the extra power can translate into another 10 to 30 feet or more to the ball distance. What things do you need to work on for next season? A thicker handle reduces these vibrations, but it weighs more and can slow down the bat speed. ], The Double Barrel design has an even lighter inner barrel & stronger outer barrel to create the lowest compression in softball, Power Boost Soft Knob gives hitters improved leverage when swinging the Ghost Advanced, Improvements throughout the bat design have created Easton's "Best Two Piece Softball Bat of All Time", The sound, feel, and POP is second-to-none, The knob is built to hold a Blast Motion sensor (sold separately), A reconstructed F2 Collar creates perfect harmony between flex and stiffness, An improved thin outer barrel provides an unmatched trampoline effect, The enhanced ultra-light end cap accelerates swing speed, The fastpitch bat of choice for the back-to-back Women's College World Series Champion Oklahoma Sooners. This discussion was a result of a difference of opinions by umpires at the recent Kajikawa tournament. Please take a moment to read this article on how to best navigate it and quickly find what you are looking for. Browser Not Supported. The 2023 DeMarini Prism+ is a bat with a huge sweet spot, a ton of pop, and an unmistakable sound. Make sure you block all your unavailable dates. However, additional lists will be posted if timely information warrants, such as when a manufacturer withdraws a bat model or the results of bat testing dictate assessing strikes, Reminder send an email to confirm your attendance at one of the CCSUA/Assigner meetings Dave Long for the South meeting on January 7, Oscar Segura for the North meeting on January 13. If you have not taken them, you may do so but your grades will not be added to the gradebooks, as the tests have expired. Teams: 16. Louisville Slugger Meta Fastpitch Softball Bats, Marucci Echo DMND Fastpitch Softball Bats, Louisville Slugger LXT Fastpitch Softball Bats, Axe Avenge Power Gap Fastpitch Softball Bats, Easton Ghost Advanced Fastpitch Softball Bats, Rawlings Mantra 2.0 Fastpitch Softball Bats, The META is one of the most consistent fastpitch softball bats of all time, NEW Mash Composite materials maximize the size of the sweet spot for better results on every swing, Balanced Swing makes it approachable for both contact and power hitters while providing a nice boost in bat speed, The Louisville Slugger META is among the hottest fastpitch bats in 2023, USSSA (New NTS Tested Stamp), USA Softball (ASA), NSA, ISA & WBSC Certifications, Full Twelve (12) Month Manufacturer's Warranty, Paraflex Plus Composite has proven to be the hottest and most durable material in fastpitch, The sweet spot seemingly spans the entire length of the barrel, The Tracer End Cap creates a lighter swing allowing hitters to whip the barrel through the zone, Energy is redirected back in the barrel because of the connection point technology used by DeMarini, The Echo DMND is one of the cleanest-looking softball bats in the game, Built with the MDX Max Composite Barrel for great performance and sound, Ring-Free Barrel Construction offers more flex with no dead spots, Liquid-Gel Dampening Knob absorbs vibrations for a solid feel on contact, Full twelve (12) month warranty when purchased at JustBats, The LXT has been the most popular fastpitch bat over the past two decades, A smooth composite build provides hitters with comfort no matter where they make contact, Louisville Slugger implemented a single disc design to optimize the pop and enhance the sweet spot, There isnt a hotter fastpitch softball bat than the Louisville Slugger LXT, The patented Axe handle design improves barrel control, comfort, swing speed, and player safety, Axe improved the composite and, as a result, created their hottest fastpitch softball bat ever, The whip through the zone is second to none, This is the most comfortable fastpitch bat in 2023 [No vibrations! In each issue Barry Mano, founder of NASO and Referee Magazine publisher, has a column Publishers Memo. Send your questions to, From Referee Magazine Barry Mano You all receive Referee Magazine every month as part of your CCSUA/NASO membership. 2022 Louisville Slugger LXT Player Feedback Performance Relevance Demand Tech Specs Specs Certification: Fastpitch Sizes: 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 Barrel Size: 2 1/4 Drop: 10 Swing Weight: Light+ Serial Number: WBL2543010 Original Price: $400 Release Month: October 2021 Best Fastpitch Bat 2022 The swing weight is defined by something called moment of inertia, which depends both on the total weight and the balance point. Option #1 Conferences, From the Training Staff The first NCAA Approved Softball Bat List for the upcoming 2021-22 academic year has been posted. The approximate length of the bat you need according to the height and weight is shown in the chart below. Its has a composite, 2-piece construction and has a couple of features like the 2020 version of the bat. It also states that bats must have one of the 3 ASA or USA Certification marks and not be on the USA Softball Non-Approved Bat List with Certification Marks. Designed for high school and college players. Start a new document or grab a blank piece of paper and write some thoughts on how you think you did. Construction:Depending on the way they are constructed fastpitch bats can be one-piece or two-piece. Information new to the list is noted in blue font. The bat must meet the compression standards outlined by the certifying organization and may be tested to ensure they are in the proper range. A one-piece bat is developed as one continuous piece, while at a two-piece bat the barrel and the handle are separate sections, which are bonded together. You can browse though our selection of best fastpitch softball bats and read the reviews to help you with your choice. PBF Technology Speed Composite Barrel, a light barrel responsible for faster swings, along with the VCX2 Vibration Connection System, does a lot in providing the player who swings the LXT with a better feel, fewer vibrations felt on mishits, and a bigger sweet spot. Includes a printable bracket and links to buy NCAA championship tickets. The all-new Meta is a high-performance bat that has a two-piece design (like most of the popular bats) with a MASH Composite dual-wall design. The selection of bats is huge, there are so many brands, models, styles. The answer is yeshave you read the recently re-posted article on the Locker Room? The COPA Performance End Cap makes the performance that much better and the Premium LS Pro Comfort Grip gives the player swinging the 2022 Louisville Slugger a better hold of the bat and a better feel. The SCIAC Championship Tournament will be held May 7-8-9 weekend: Crew: Leighton Hickman (crew chief), Tim Kohut, Danny Winders, Arturo Quinonez ORANGE EMPIRE CONFERENCE, The 2021 softball season is in full swing. It appears that umpires are trying to remember, or just guessing, about the topics to be discussed. Please note that we have tried to be as unbiased as possible, but the reviews are somewhat reflection of our personal opinions. You have received emails from your assigners to this regard. This is hard to understand, as the CCA Manual has a comprehensive list of topics (in Section 3), and all college softball umpires are expected to have a written checklist, The presentations from the CCSUA Annual Meetings have been posted in the Training Information section. The fastpitch softball bats usually have a drop ranging from -8 to -13. A very important addition to the Locker Room was posted regarding projected substitutions involving the DP/Flex. bimbofication aesthetic. An assistant coach got ejected for ranting and raving about a judgment call. The NCAA and the NFHS use the BBCOR test to approve baseball bats. Western State Conference Joanne Venditto/Tony Cooper Teams playing are Moorpark Oxnard Ventura Cuesta Bakersfield, From the training staff NCAA Rule changes, revised rules, clarifications and interpretations for 2021 Most of these were presented during the CCSUA Annual Meeting (Zoom meeting). Lionel Messi: Brazil and France are the two favourites for World Cup 2022, Neymar annoys the Brazilian FA with Bolsonaro support, Marseille fans banned from Nice city centre ahead of Monaco clash. And, one more great thing about the new Easton Ghost is that it is exceptionally hot right out of the wrapper. Marucci CAT Connect (-11) USA Baseball Bat - 2021 Model by Marucci. Notices: For a list of our over 50 participating Host hotels choose the link below for each age bracket. The assigners are in the middle of their assignments for the 2020, Fall Ball has started. PLEASE, MAKE SURE YOU REVIEW. Reflect on the things you did well and how to improve on them and use them as building blocks. The next scheduled change will be April 9, 2018. The link to the current bat list on our Locker Room Links page has been updated. Rival SP17RV Venum Omaha Silhouette SB116 Ronin SP17RAUA Nike Vexxum SB73V . The committee addressed the health and safety of student athletes, coaches, fans, and staff, including officials. All of the great features found on the 2021 Louisville Slugger LXT are here with the new one. Thursday, February 23, 2023. Please make sure that if your college has a bat that does not bear the permanent . freaknik outfit ideas. As a result of in-season bat compliance testing, effective immediately, the DeMarini CFP13 is being removed from the NCAA Approved Softball Bat List. The next few monthly tests will be taking plays directly from thatCase Book. 2023 NAFA Midwest/Northern Nationals Dates. Monthly tests, Welcome to our new Affiliate members. Bat speed is very important for softball hitters, especially in fastpitch. Made from a new and immensely improved Sonic Comp MAX material, the Easton Ghost Unlimited improves durability, similarly to the Ghost Advanced. Another way is to measure from the center of your chest to the tips of your index finger, with your arm straight out to your side. You can find a link to it on the Links page of the Locker Room, on the NCAA Softball Home Plate at www.sup.arbitersports.com, and on NCAA Softball Rules of the Game website. History. After last years season we posted an article to our Locker Room titled CCSUA Umpires Self-Assessment Program, and the form to use for this self-assessment, CCSUA Self-Assessment Form. The new one has some updates that promise to fix those issues. If you are interested in the Louisville Slugger RXT even more, check out are detailed review here. Call Coaches are reminded that they are responsible for legally equipping their team, and bats used in competitionMUSTappear on the current approved bat list. It is dated July 12, 2021. WHICH ARE NOTED ON THE APPROPRIATE LINES AND PAGES OF THE CURRENT NCAA APPROVED SOFTBALL BAT LIST: *Prism (PZF-20 & 21, PZ1-21, PZP-19, 20 & 21) -1200psi minimum, ***Ghost FP18GH, FP20GH & GHAD series & FP20GHCAN10, FP20GHSNS10, FP21GHADGLD -1000psi minimum and, ***Ghost FP21GHADG4TG, FP22GH, FP23GH, GHAD, GHT series & FP23GHUL series -900psi minimum. Make sure you have accepted the appropriate meeting through Arbiter. With all of these new features, the 2023 DeMarini Whisper is surely a bat that should be looked out for. There are 2 options for the 2022 season because the manufacturer (Smitty) states the uniforms will not be available until late 2021 and early 2022. The Assignors presentation has been posted to the Arbiter. All brackets updated. We use these questions as teaching moments. But finding the best fastpitch softball bat is not an easy task. The official 2022 College Softball Bracket for Division I. There is an updated clarification for the new pitching rule in the Rules Corner/ Pitching Procedures. Featuring new technologies like the Anomaly End Cap and the Anomaly Connection, the Whisper promises to be a tough competitor to the Easton Ghost Unlimited and the Louisville Slugger Meta. spiral tree calculator. There is added emphasis on calling the drop ball which is at the top of the knee at the front. Any bat discovered prior to the game that does . Andwatch for some of these plays, As everybody is well aware, our softball season has been interrupted by a serious pandemic. https://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~umpire/camp/camp2020.html Pennsbury College Softball Umpires Camp, We are getting close to the end of the marathon. A thicker handle reduces these vibrations, but it weighs more and can slow down the bat speed. So when shopping for a softball bat make sure to check whether it has a BPF stamp, to confirm it is legal for play. This type of bats is great for power hitters. Players with faster bats can wait longer to see the ball better, which allows them to make better decisions. The new, 2022 model features a distinctively different colorway compared to the previous one, as it now has a gorgeous, silver/purple colorway with a touch of neon. Please note, if you have a JV team, an NCAA Bat List will need to be completed fully in the case that your varsity and JV team are playing at the same . This will be an on-line Zoom meeting. We are huge fans of that idea, because the Louisville Slugger RXT is one of the most comfortable bats that you can find. Study groups traditionally meet one night a week (in-person, From the Assigners The NCAA has announced a new college softball uniform for the 2022 season. A more complete list will be in the May Newsletter Change the obstruction rule to requiring the fielder to have possession of the ball in her hand or glove? 7/22/2021. Please contactDee AbrahamsonorAshlee Folliswith questions. The others have been deleted from the Locker Room as they were confusing and contradictory. This type of bats is great for power hitters. Now, let's dive in. This first page and whichever pages are relevant MUST be provided for bat testing and on-field inspection by umpires. Aluminum batsare traditional, less expensive, they give a stiffer feel and, in theory, they can lose their pop over time. Composite bats are durable, superior in performance, have a larger sweet spot, but they also tend to crack and they cant be used in very cold weather. NCAA Approved Softball Bat List Memo (July 12, 2021) Tuesday, July 13, 2021. The new Xeno comes in 4 drops: -11, -10, -9 and -8, but out suggestion for power hitters is that you should go for the -9 and -8 drops. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. . Every manufacturer behind hybrid models has their reason and way of crafting the bat they claim has the optimal performance. price: lowest price guarantee. Easton Alpha ALX (-11) USA Baseball Bat - 2022 Model by Easton. The most traditional hybrid bat is a composite handle and aluminum barrel, but there are many different variations. Registration for 2023 is available now (click link above) Bats are to be checked before every game. https://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~umpire/camp/camp2020.html, NCAA Regional Advisor From Joanne Venditto, our NCAA Regional Advisor there is continued focus for an accurate and consistent strike zone. Hybrid batsare created from the idea to give players the best of both worlds. With the price point being a little lower than most new bats, the 2022 Louisville Slugger Xeno might be a fantastic option if you are considering getting a new bat for the upcoming season. Having a firm grip is important, for safety as well as optimal hitting. The defense is allowed one defensive conference ONLY during each of their extra half-innings; an additional conference is not allowed for each pitcher entered into the pitching position who has, The March Notes from the Training Staff are a bit longer than the normal monthly Notes. You must register in advance for this meeting PLEASE before Thursday, January 21st: Here is the link to register: https://cccconfer.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJIrcuyqrjwiGNT_Xdty8kM1AmDxj3EpzWpQ Please register immediately. Contact Rich Kollen if you have any questions about registration. You should have registered with CCSUA for the 2020 season. Camp Information: The operators of the Next Level Collegiate Umpire Camp have announced their 2020 Camp. I went through the NCAA list and it appears from the April 2021 list to the July 2021 list, quite a few older bats were dropped, if I am reading it correctly. The ban is effective immediately. Click on PROFILEClick on PREFERENCES. a. These Fastpitch bats should perform within the limits of the 98 mph batted ball speed standard. Wood bat. We will post an article to the Locker Room website which will summarize the rule changes, as soon as the training staff has, As the season approaches, take some time to review the rule book and CCA Manual. Not only that weve seen a new construction and a new composite material, but the Unlimited also introduces us to a new connection piece, called the VRS1 internal connection joint. Rationale: Balls manufactured with the former specifications will be permitted through 2024, to allow Now is the time to start reviewing the Rules Book, including the new rule changes for the 2021/2022 Season. The most popular fastpitch bat in the world is back and updated for the new, 2022 season, and promises to be a great addition to the legendary Louisville Slugger's LXT softball bats lineup. 2. tape). All bats that are approved by USA Softball, formally ASA, for use in fast pitch play shall bear one of the markings shown below. On the outside, you cant see many differences, but the inside of the bat is a whole different story. The June 2018 test is now postedin theTraining Coursessection of our Locker Room. WHENEVER BCT OCCURS, THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS NEEDED: Bat Testing Manager Printed Name_____________________________________ Sticker Color_________________#Passed Bats__________# Failed Bats_____, Day Two Manager Name_________________________________________ Sticker Color________________ # Passed Bats__________# Failed Bats_____, Day Three Manager Name________________________________________ Sticker Color________________ # Passed Bats__________# Failed Bats_____, Failed bat summaries: Manufacturer______________________, Model #_____________________ # units______________ Date___________________.
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