reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. . In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: the Past, Current Peril and Future Hopes The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ (PDF) Nigeria: a model of federalist ethnic conflict management or However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. /F1 6 0 R According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. >> Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. It is our pleasure. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. I love this article,very educating and interesting we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. However, that is not so in a federal government system. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? 3. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. /F3 12 0 R << Adobe d C But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], ! Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ June 1,2022 Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. (Tanzi, 1996). This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. /Height 235 Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Rt. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. /Filter /FlateDecode This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . Pls visit us again dear reader. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. /Subtype /Image This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. >> The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. /Parent 2 0 R There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management welcome, and thanks for reading us. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization Power Sharing Formula In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. ff>qsfN? Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Required fields are marked *. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. 4 0 obj Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Required fields are marked *. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. What is federalism? Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? << This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS - Academia.edu It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical |4-Iv REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. History of federal system of government in nigeria. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. /F2 9 0 R local government autonomy.docx - CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. ICT and Its Impact on National Development In Nigeria: An Overview